{"id":93,"date":"2015-08-19T10:42:04","date_gmt":"2015-08-19T09:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/charlesnduka.co.uk\/plastic-surgery\/?page_id=93"},"modified":"2015-08-19T10:42:04","modified_gmt":"2015-08-19T09:42:04","slug":"quantitative-analysis-of-normal-smile-with-3d-stereophotogrammetry-an-aid-to-facial-reanimation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/charlesnduka.co.uk\/plastic-surgery\/research\/quantitative-analysis-of-normal-smile-with-3d-stereophotogrammetry-an-aid-to-facial-reanimation\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantitative analysis of normal smile with 3D stereophotogrammetry–an aid to facial reanimation."},"content":{"rendered":"

Sawyer AR, See M, Nduka C. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 Jan; 63(1):65-72.<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/h2>\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n

Rubin observed that there was a great deal of variation in smiles. [Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1974;53:384-7] Smile reconstruction requires an understanding of the facial movements that occur during a normal smile. Facial reanimation should be tailored for each individual patient so that the movements on the reconstructed side are similar to that on the normal side.<\/p>\n

Aim<\/h3>\n

The aim of this study is to produce a quantitative analysis of smiles, as a basis for smile reconstruction and to compare our subject’s smiles to the classification suggested by Rubin.<\/p>\n

Method<\/h3>\n

The smiles of 71 volunteers were analysed using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry in x, y and z vectors. Each subject had the distances and angles of 10 surface landmarks (cheilion left and right (L&R), labiale superius\/inferius, mid-lateral upper\/lower lip (L&R), nasolabial fold (L&R)) moved from the relaxed position to that in a maximum smile. All subjects’ smiles were classified into the Rubin subtypes of corner of the mouth, canine and full-denture smile.<\/p>\n

Results<\/h3>\n

The average distances and angles moved by oral landmarks during a smile in a 3D plane were–cheilion: 16.6mm at 31 degrees ; labiale superius: 8.2mm at 31 degrees; upper mid- lateral lip: 10.5mm at 25 degrees; labiale inferius: 5.3mm at -56 degrees; lower mid-lateral lip: 7.8mm at 41 degrees and nasolabial fold: 12.6mm at 33 degrees . Our population results for the smile subtypes suggested by Rubin were–corner-of-the-mouth smile: 77%, canine smile: 15% and full-denture smile: 8%.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n

\"research07\"<\/p>\n

Our study offers a simple quantitative method for measuring the smile to assess the outcome of reanimation surgery between different surgical procedures and units. Proportions of our study group with corner-of-the-mouth, canine and full-denture smiles were consistent with Rubin’s study.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sawyer AR, See M, Nduka C. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 Jan; 63(1):65-72. Abstract Introduction Rubin observed that there was a great deal of variation in smiles. [Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1974;53:384-7] Smile reconstruction requires an understanding of the facial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":38,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-93","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQuantitative analysis of normal smile with 3D stereophotogrammetry--an aid to facial reanimation. | Charles Nduka - Plastic Surgery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/charlesnduka.co.uk\/plastic-surgery\/research\/quantitative-analysis-of-normal-smile-with-3d-stereophotogrammetry-an-aid-to-facial-reanimation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantitative analysis of normal smile with 3D stereophotogrammetry--an aid to facial reanimation. | Charles Nduka - Plastic Surgery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sawyer AR, See M, Nduka C. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 Jan; 63(1):65-72. Abstract Introduction Rubin observed that there was a great deal of variation in smiles. [Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. 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